![]() Consanguineous marriages occur in 2 main settings: (i) geographical isolates (e.g., small distant islands, and remote mountainous villages) and (ii) ideological isolates. Despite the high potential for genetic disorders among children, such marriages are remarkably common, with an estimated 10% of world population being of consanguineous parentage. Karger AG, BaselĬonsanguineous marriages are a sociobiological puzzle. Key Messages: The lack of nonkin altruism leads to: (a) poverty (due to poor economic cooperation with nonkin), (b) maintaining small group size, and (c) inbreeding. The expanding of trust from kin to that of nonbiological relatives increases the size of human groups, fosters economic wealth, and decreases the rate of consanguinity. In kinship groups, human trust is limited to kin, so tribes remain small, economically poor, and consanguineous due to lack of nonkin mates. ![]() Altruism (and trust) is an essential premise of social contracts such as economic cooperation, marriage arrangement, and creation of alliances between people. In this transformation, a central role was played by human trust – an aspect of human altruism which is a universal sociobiological principle of behavior. As a result, small, drifting, socially open bands of hunter-gatherers were transformed into bigger, less mobile, and more powerful kinship groups (tribes). It increased competition for the limited resources in which a larger group had better chances of survival. Summary: We propose that the Neolithic Agrarian revolution modified the structure of populations. The current reasons explaining its continued persistence in today’s modern world have major shortcomings. Despite widespread knowledge of its potential for genetic disorders, human consanguinity remains surprisingly common. Background: Human inbreeding is a sociobiological puzzle.
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